The correct answer is:
Federal Constitutional Court.
Bundesverfassungsgericht.
Independent study resource, not a BAMF website. Translations are study aids; the exam is in German.
Quick explanation
The Federal Constitutional Court is responsible for interpreting the Basic Law.
Why is this correct?
The court in Karlsruhe reviews whether laws and state action are compatible with the Basic Law.
Background
The Federal Constitutional Court in Karlsruhe was established in 1951 and is often called the “guardian of the constitution”. It can declare laws unconstitutional, decides disputes between constitutional bodies and can ban parties. Anyone can lodge a constitutional complaint if they feel their fundamental rights have been violated by the state (Article 93). Its 16 judges are elected half by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat, each with a two-thirds majority.
Why are the other answers wrong?
Local courts (Amtsgerichte) and higher regional courts (Oberlandesgerichte) are ordinary courts for civil and criminal cases, such as tenancy disputes or theft. Administrative courts decide disputes between citizens and authorities. In the end, only the Federal Constitutional Court decides on the Basic Law.
Memory tip
Constitution = Basic Law → Federal Constitutional Court.
Legal basis: Art. 93 Basic Law (GG) ↗
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