The correct answer is:
the Federal President.
der Bundespräsident / die Bundespräsidentin.
Independent study resource, not a BAMF website. Translations are study aids; the exam is in German.
Quick explanation
The head of state of the Federal Republic is the Federal President.
Why is this correct?
The President ranks first in protocol and represents the state externally.
Background
In the order of precedence of offices, the Federal President comes first, followed by the President of the Bundestag, the Federal Chancellor, the President of the Bundesrat and the President of the Federal Constitutional Court. The Federal President’s official residence is Bellevue Palace in Berlin. The President is meant to stand above party politics and represent the whole country – which is why many presidents suspend their party membership during their term.
Why are the other answers wrong?
The Federal Chancellor is the head of government, not the head of state. The President of the Bundestag chairs parliament. The President of the Bundesrat is a trap: they deputise for the Federal President when the latter is unable to act (Article 57) – but that does not make them head of state.
Memory tip
Head of state = Federal President; head of government = Federal Chancellor.
Legal basis: Art. 54 Basic Law (GG) ↗, Art. 57 Basic Law (GG) ↗
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